![]() ![]() The former view was championed by American ecologist Frederic Clements, who viewed the association as a whole that was more than the sum of its parts, and by Josias Braun-Blanquet, a Swiss-born phytosociologist. : 182 Īn association can be viewed as a real, integrated entity shaped either by species interactions or by similar habitat requirements, or it can be viewed as merely a common point along a continuum. ![]() : 181 The term was first coined by Alexander von Humboldt : 16 and formalised by the International Botanical Congress in 1910. In phytosociology and community ecology an association is a type of ecological community with a predictable species composition and consistent physiognomy (structural appearance) which occurs in a particular habitat type. Community of native species in an area, in ecology ![]()
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